193 papers
This study demonstrates that plasma microbial cell-free DNA metagenomic sequencing significantly improves the detection of non-pneumophila Legionella species compared to conventional methods, offering critical additive diagnostic value for high-risk patients and more accurate epidemiological surveillance.
This Phase I randomized, placebo-controlled study demonstrates that APC148, a novel metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor designed to be combined with meropenem and avibactam, is well tolerated and exhibits dose-proportional pharmacokinetics in healthy adults, supporting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
This study utilizes a mathematical model fitted to Kenyan and Nigerian data to demonstrate that sub-optimum malaria treatment significantly amplifies asymptomatic transmission and disease burden, whereas shifting to optimum treatment could avert over one-third of infections and deaths while saving approximately $12 million annually.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 39 studies found that while the BD Phoenix, Vitek 2, and MicroScan automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems generally demonstrate comparable overall performance, the Vitek 2 system exhibits a significantly higher rate of very major errors compared to MicroScan, with error patterns varying by organism type and susceptibility criteria.
MultiVirusConsensus is an accurate, efficient, and open-source pipeline that enables the parallel identification and consensus sequence generation of multiple viruses from mixed samples by leveraging memory-efficient tools and eliminating intermediate file I/O bottlenecks.
This study introduces the Susceptibility-Spectrum Discrepancy Index (S2DI), a novel quantitative metric that evaluates the appropriateness of parenteral antimicrobial therapy for bloodstream infections by measuring the gap between an isolate's susceptibility and the spectrum of prescribed agents, revealing that while hospital-level variations persist, antimicrobial stewardship has improved over time in Japanese hospitals.
This cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrates that vaccinating older adults in Spain with a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine is a dominant strategy over an adjuvanted quadrivalent vaccine, as it reduces influenza cases, hospitalizations, and deaths while lowering overall costs from both societal and National Health Service perspectives.
Analysis of Canadian serology data reveals that despite a massive surge in infections during the Omicron period, racialized individuals continued to face a significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to White individuals, demonstrating that widespread transmission did not achieve epidemiologic equity.
This study of a Victorian cohort of priority populations reveals that younger age and larger household size, rather than culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) status or socioeconomic factors, were the primary drivers of COVID-19 infection risk, highlighting the need for pandemic policies focused on housing density and protections for younger essential workers.
This nested pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of the TB-PRACTECAL trial found that while BPaLM regimens demonstrated superior bactericidal activity compared to standard care, drug exposure levels generally did not correlate with sputum clearance rates or most toxicities, suggesting that current dosages achieve saturated bacterial killing while maintaining safety, with the notable exception of a link between higher linezolid exposure and hematological adverse events.
This study proposes a novel Bayesian latent-class model that effectively estimates the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by integrating heterogeneous, imperfect diagnostic data, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to existing methods when applied to large sample sizes to inform national immunization policies.
This paper proposes and validates a prevalence-incidence mixture model using an Expectation-Maximisation algorithm to accurately estimate disease risk and the duration of temporary high-risk conditions from interval-censored screening and surveillance data, demonstrating superior fit over existing models in Dutch cervical cancer applications.
This prospective genomic epidemiology study in Ho Chi Minh City reveals that the majority of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases are driven by the ongoing transmission of already-resistant strains rather than *de novo* resistance acquisition, highlighting the need for strategies that combine early diagnosis to interrupt transmission with efforts to identify and control the drivers of newly acquired resistance.
This retrospective analysis of Scottish hospital data from 2017 to 2023 reveals that Human metapneumovirus causes a substantial burden of hospitalizations in children under five, particularly among infants, with incidence rates significantly higher than laboratory-confirmed figures suggest and lower than those for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, despite generally low rates of severe outcomes like intensive care admission or death.
This retrospective study of Nairobi sex workers reveals a 11.1% syphilis seroprevalence rate, with female sex workers comprising the vast majority of positive cases and showing a significant association with HIV status, highlighting the need for enhanced community and surveillance interventions.
This community-based cross-sectional study of 2,565 individuals in Northern Tamil Nadu reveals that scrub typhus is the most prevalent rickettsial infection (14%), followed by spotted fever, murine typhus, and Q fever, with specific seroprevalence factors varying significantly by disease type and including demographics, elevation, housing conditions, and lifestyle behaviors.
This study utilizes plasma proteomics and machine learning to identify early biomarkers, such as PTX3 and CLEC11A, that distinguish subclinical from severe dengue cases in children by revealing early endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activation.
This study reports the first confirmed evidence of zoonotic spillover of MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to a human in Somalia, based on serological findings in an occupationally exposed farm worker, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced national surveillance and laboratory capacity.
This retrospective evaluation of Cameroon's large-scale implementation of pooled sputum testing for tuberculosis demonstrates that combining 2 to 8 specimens significantly increased molecular testing capacity, reduced assay costs from $7.97 to as low as $1.19 per result, and shortened time-to-result compared to individual testing, thereby enabling more people to access diagnosis with limited resources.
This multi-site cross-sectional study in Bangladesh demonstrates that pooled sputum testing using Xpert Ultra achieves diagnostic performance comparable to individual testing for pulmonary tuberculosis while reducing cartridge costs by 55.8%, offering a scalable and cost-effective strategy for resource-constrained, high-burden settings.